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Backwater (river)
A backwater is a part of a river in which there is little or no current. It refers either to a branch of a main river which lies alongside it and then rejoins it or to a body of water in a main river which is backed up by an obstruction such as the tide or a dam.〔(Merriam Webster Dictionary )〕
==Alternative channel==
If a river has developed one or more alternative courses in its evolution, then one channel is usually designated the main course and secondary channels may be termed backwaters.〔(Wargrave Local History Society Latest News - November 2003 Hennerton and the Backwater )〕 The main river course will usually have the fastest stream and will likely be the main navigation route, whereas backwaters may be more shallow and flow more slowly if at all. This results in a more diverse environment that is of scientific interest and worthy of preservation.〔( E. HOHAUSOVÁ, P. JURAJDA ''Restoration of a river backwater and its influence on fish assemblage'' Czech J. Anim. Sci., 50, 2005 (10): 473–482 )〕〔(John C. Marlin ''BACKWATER RESTORATION OPPORTUNITIES: ILLINOIS RIVER'' Waste Management and Research Center, Illinois Department of Natural Resources One )〕 Backwaters also provide opportunities for leisure activities such as canoeing and fishing.〔(Vistt Thames Free Family Fun )〕〔(Suggested paddles Cliveden Reach on the Thames )〕
In this sense, the term is extended to apply to physical and social areas that have been by-passed. It may apply to places that have been neglected in economic development〔(The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain )〕 or in the expression a "cultural backwater".〔(Australian Broadcasting Corporation - Australia's century of federation ''A Cultural Backwater'' Date of Broadcast: Monday, 25 June 2001 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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